The Ultimate Guide to Morocco's Imperial Cities: History and Highlights

Morocco’s four Imperial Cities are the historic heart of the nation. At different points in history, each of these cities-Fes, Meknes, Marrakech, and Rabat-served as the capital of Morocco, and each was shaped by the dynasty that ruled from it. Exploring them is like taking a journey through the country’s rich and powerful past.

Fes: The Spiritual Capital

Fes is the oldest of the Imperial Cities and is often considered Morocco’s cultural and spiritual center. Founded in the 9th century, its medina, Fes el-Bali, is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a breathtaking labyrinth of history.

• Must-See Highlights:
  • Al-Quaraouiyine University: The oldest continuously operating university in the world.
  • Chouara Tannery: Watch the ancient process of dyeing leather from a terrace viewpoint.
  • Bou Inania Madrasa: A stunning example of Marinid architecture.

Meknes: The Ambitious Capital

Meknes became an Imperial City in the 17th century under the rule of the powerful Sultan Moulay Ismail. He had grand ambitions to create a capital that would rival those of Europe. Though smaller and more laid-back than Fes or Marrakech, Meknes has a grand and impressive feel.

• Must-See Highlights:
  • Bab Mansour: An enormous and beautifully decorated gate that is the grand entrance to the imperial city.
  • Heri es-Souani: The Sultan’s massive royal stables and granaries, an impressive feat of engineering.
  • Mausoleum of Moulay Ismail: The tomb of the city’s visionary founder.

Marrakech: The Ochre City

Founded in the 11th century, Marrakech has been a capital multiple times and remains a vibrant hub of trade and culture. Known as the “Ochre City” for its pink-hued buildings, it is a feast for the senses.

• Must-See Highlights:
  • Jemaa el-Fnaa: The legendary square, a stage for street performers and a massive food market.
  • Koutoubia Mosque: The city’s most famous landmark, with a beautiful minaret.
  • Saadian Tombs & Bahia Palace: Incredible examples of lavish Moroccan art and architecture.

Rabat: The Modern Capital

Rabat is the current capital of Morocco. It’s a more relaxed and orderly city compared to the others, with a clean city center and a beautiful coastal setting. It blends its rich history with its role as a modern political center.

• Must-See Highlights:
  • Kasbah of the Udayas: A picturesque fortress at the mouth of the river, with charming blue-and-white streets.
  • Hassan Tower: The impressive, unfinished minaret of a mosque that was intended to be the world’s largest.
  • Mausoleum of Mohammed V: The stunning modern tomb of the grandfather of the current king.

A tour of the four Imperial Cities offers a deep dive into the history, architecture, and culture that have shaped Morocco into the fascinating country it is today.